JESSICA部落格

1.Core definitions of manual linear stage
A manual linear stage is a precision mechanical component designed to restrict an object to a single axis of linear motion, realizing accurate position adjustment and stable movement through manual operation rather than electrical or hydraulic drives. It is a key part of precision positioning systems, which constrains the moving platform to only one degree of freedom by limiting three rotational axes and two other translational axes, ensuring that the load moves stably and accurately along a preset linear path.
QMF90
2.Working steps of manual linear stage
1.Mount the stage:Clean the mounting surface.Position the stage so its axis of motion aligns with your required direction.
2.Attach the payload:Place the workpiece, sensor, or component onto the moving carriage.Use an adapter plate if mounting hole patterns do not match.
3.Zero or reference the drive:For a micrometer: turn the thimble until the carriage contacts a hard stop, then set the thimble scale to zero.For a leadscrew with knob: move the carriage to a known starting position and note the dial reading.
4.Take up backlash:Always approach the target position from the same direction.If you overshoot, back up well past the target and then re‑approach from the original direction.
5.Coarse positioning:Turn the micrometer thimble or leadscrew knob rapidly to bring the carriage near the desired position.Keep an eye on the scale to avoid overshooting by more than a few millimeters.
6.Fine positioning:Switch to slow, careful turns.For a micrometer, use the knurled thimble; each division typically represents 0.01 mm or 0.5 µm.
7.Lock the position and verify stability:Tighten the stage’s locking screw to prevent accidental movement.Gently tap the payload or the stage base. The carriage should not move.
8.Release and return:Loosen the locking screw completely.Turn the drive mechanism to return the carriage to its zero or home position, again approaching from the same direction to maintain consistency.
3.Main functions of manual linear stage
1.Precision positioning function:This is the core function of the manual linear stage. By virtue of the precision transmission mechanism, it can achieve micron-level or even nanometer-level position adjustment, ensuring that the load is accurately positioned at the preset position.
2.Stable linear movement function:The guide rail component of the manual linear stage ensures that the moving platform moves stably along a straight line without deviation or jitter. The movement process is smooth and noiseless, avoiding damage to the load or errors in operation caused by unstable movement.
3.Load-bearing and fixing function:The base and moving platform of the manual linear stage are made of high-strength materials through precision machining, which has a certain load-bearing capacity. It can stably bear the weight of the load and fix the load through the locking device to prevent displacement during operation.
4.Multi-axis combination function:A single manual linear stage can only achieve one-axis linear movement. By combining multiple manual linear stages, a multi-axis positioning system can be formed to realize multi-directional position adjustment of the load.
5.Emergency stop and protection Function:Most manual linear stages are equipped with a locking device, which can quickly lock the moving platform in case of emergency, preventing the load from falling or being damaged. In addition, some high-precision manual linear stages are equipped with limit blocks to prevent the moving platform from moving beyond the stroke range, avoiding damage to the transmission mechanism or guide rail.
4.Common faults of manual linear stage
1.Inaccurate positioning & excessive repeat positioning error:This is the most frequent fault of manual linear stages, especially in high-precision application scenarios, where even small deviations can render test or machining results invalid.
2.Unsmooth movement & jamming:This fault directly affects the operability of the manual linear stage, and severe jamming may cause irreversible damage to components such as the lead screw or guide rail.
3.Loose components & abnormal vibration:Loose components are often caused by long-term vibration or improper installation, and if not handled in time, they may lead to more serious faults such as component damage or positioning failure.
4.Locking mechanism failure:The locking mechanism is used to fix the stage in a specific position after positioning; its failure will result in the stage being unable to maintain position, seriously affecting work accuracy.
5.Lead screw damage & transmission failure:The lead screw is the core transmission component of the manual linear stage; its damage will directly lead to the stage being unable to move or position accurately.The handwheel rotates smoothly, but the stage does not move or moves intermittently.
6.Guide rail wear & poor parallelism:The guide rail ensures the linearity of the stage movement; its wear or poor parallelism will affect movement smoothness and positioning accuracy.The stage jams easily when moving along the guide rail, and the movement resistance varies at different positions.
7.Scale/Indicator failure:The scale (or micrometer indicator) is the key component for manual positioning; its failure will make it impossible for the operator to accurately judge the moving distance.The digital display (for digital manual stages) has incorrect readings, flashes, or fails to display.
Source:https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/yixing/diary/202604090000/

A  servo motor is an electric actuator that operates as part of a closed-loop system. It includes a feedback mechanism—typically a sensor such as an encoder—that continuously reports the motor's actual position or speed to a controller. This allows the system to adjust its output until the desired state is reached.When a command is sent, an electrical signal moves the output shaft to a specified angle, position, or velocity. The feedback device confirms whether the target has been achieved, and corrections are applied as needed.Servo motors operate within a closed-loop system, meaning position and speed are continuously monitored and adjusted. In contrast, open-loop systems execute commands without verifying the final position.A typical servo motor consists of a standard DC or AC motor combined with a feedback sensor and a control circuit. The control circuit interprets input signals and drives the motor accordingly.
Types of Servo Motors

Brushless DC motors operate using electronic commutation rather than mechanical brushes. This design affects how they are powered and controlled. To run a BLDC motor, a controller is required to manage the electrical signals that regulate speed, direction, and torque.When choosing both components, a few basic specifications determine compatibility with your application.
Motor SpecificationsSpeed and torque are two primary performance characteristics. Each motor has a rated speed range and a continuous torque output. When these match the mechanical demands of an application, the motor operates within its design limits.Physical size affects where the motor can be installed. Smaller motors typically weigh less and occupy less space. Torque and power output vary by model and can be reviewed alongside size.Voltage rating determines what power supply the motor requires. Common ratings for smaller BLDC motors include 12V and 24V. The controller selected must match the motor voltage.Operating environment may influence motor selection. Factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and exposure to dust or moisture can affect motor performance and lifespan. Some motors are built with enclosures or materials intended for specific environmental conditions, such as high humidity or dust exposure.

1.What is a closed loop stepper motor?
A closed loop stepper motor is a stepper motor system that incorporates a feedback mechanism, typically an encoder, to monitor its position and correct for any deviations from the intended movement. This feedback allows the motor to operate more reliably and accurately than traditional open-loop stepper motors, especially under varying loads or at high speeds. 

1. Basic definition and function of integrated servo motors
Integrated servo motors integrate key components such as servo motor body, encoder, and driver to form a complete servo system. This design not only simplifies the installation and maintenance of the system, but also improves the reliability and response speed of the system. The encoder is used to detect the position and speed of the motor in real time, and the driver is responsible for receiving the control signal and driving the motor to rotate, thereby achieving high-precision position, speed and acceleration control.

1. Basic definition of closed-loop stepper motors
A closed-loop stepper motor is a stepper motor that adds an encoder to the stepper motor to achieve high-precision, low-jitter functions through position feedback and speed feedback. The closed-loop stepper motor detects the actual position and speed of the motor, compares it with the target position and speed, and adjusts the running state of the motor through the feedback mechanism, thereby ensuring that the motor's movement is more precise and stable.

1.Definition and principle of linear guide rail
1.Linear guide rail is a mechanical component used to support and guide moving parts to reciprocate linear motion in a specific direction. It can achieve high-precision linear motion under high load and can bear a certain torque load. Its core principle lies in the design of its internal structure. It consists of components such as slide rails, sliders, balls, ball retainers, and return ball grooves. The balls roll and circulate infinitely between the sliders and the guide rails, allowing the load platform to move linearly along the guide rails with high precision. This design makes the friction coefficient extremely low, enabling subtle and precise motion to meet the needs of high-precision positioning.

‌‌‌1. A brief introduction to hybrid stepper motors
Hybrid stepper motors are a type of motor that combines the advantages of permanent magnet stepper motors and reactive stepper motors. It has high output torque and high step accuracy, and is widely used in industrial automation and precision control, especially as a drive device in economical CNC machine tools. Its high precision, high reliability and good speed regulation performance make it perform well in these fields.

1. Introduction to helical planetary gearboxes
A helical planetary gearbox is a mechanical transmission device composed of a planetary gear mechanism and helical gears. The core lies in the layout of the planetary gears. The central sun gear is surrounded by multiple planetary gears, and the outer side of the planetary gears wraps around the annular gear ring, and all gear axes remain parallel. The characteristic of the helical gear is that the tooth shape is inclined at an angle to the axis, and the common angle range is between 15 degrees and 30 degrees. This design makes the gear meshing process more coherent and effectively reduces the operating noise and vibration amplitude.

1.A brief introduction to linear guide rail
Linear guide rail is a mechanical guide rail used to support and guide moving parts to reciprocate linear motion in a given direction. It usually consists of two parts: a track (slide rail) and a slider. The slider is equipped with internal circulation balls or rollers, which can achieve smooth, high-precision linear motion on the track and can withstand a certain load. ‌

1.Definition of servo motors
Servo motors are motors that control the operation of mechanical components in servo systems. They are auxiliary motors that indirectly change speed. Servo motors can convert voltage signals into torque and speed to drive the controlled object, and have the characteristics of high precision and fast response. The main types of servo motors include DC servo motors and AC servo motors.

1.Definition of CNC spindle motors
CNC spindle motors refer to electric motors that are directly mounted on the spindle of a machine tool, and are usually integrated with the spindle of the machine tool to form an integral component. This type of motor directly drives the spindle to rotate, eliminating the traditional intermediate links such as belt drive and gearbox, thereby improving transmission efficiency and processing accuracy.