1.A brief introduction to linear guide rail
Linear guide rail is a mechanical guide rail used to support and guide moving parts to reciprocate linear motion in a given direction. It usually consists of two parts: a track (slide rail) and a slider. The slider is equipped with internal circulation balls or rollers, which can achieve smooth, high-precision linear motion on the track and can withstand a certain load.
2.Components of linear guide rail
1.Guide rail: The guide rail is the main part of the linear guide, providing a track or path for linear motion. It is usually made of wear-resistant and high-strength carbon steel or alloy steel. 2. Slider: The slider is installed on the moving part and cooperates with the guide rail. The rolling body slides on the guide rail to achieve linear motion.
3.Rolling body: The rolling body is usually a steel ball or steel column, which rolls between the slider and the guide rail to reduce friction and improve motion efficiency. The rolling element of the ball type guide rail is a steel ball, which belongs to point surface contact, with a small load capacity but small friction resistance; the rolling element of the roller type guide rail is a steel column, which belongs to line surface contact, with a stronger load capacity but a higher price.
4.Retainer: The retainer is used to keep the rolling element in the correct position in the slider to prevent the rolling element from falling off.
5.Housing: The housing surrounds and protects the internal rolling element and retainer, while providing necessary support and protection.
3.Design principles of Linear guide rail
1.Automatic fitting principle: In order to make the guide rail high in precision, the guide rail pair must have the characteristics of automatic fitting. Horizontal guide rails can fit by relying on the weight of the moving component, while other guide rails require additional spring force or roller pressure to fit.
2.Full contact principle: Within the length of the fixed guide rail, the moving guide rail should be in full contact with the fixed guide rail at the two extreme positions of the maximum stroke to ensure that the guide rail pair can complete full contact during the contact process, thereby achieving a perfect state.
3.Principle of compensation for force deformation and thermal deformation: The guide rail and its supporting parts will deform when subjected to force or temperature changes. This deformation should be considered during design so that it can be deformed into a corresponding shape. For example, the crossbeam guide rail of a gantry machine tool is made into a convex shape to compensate for the bending deformation caused by weight.
4.Principle of proximity of dynamic and static friction coefficients: The dynamic and static friction coefficients of the guide rail contact surface should be as close as possible during design to improve repeated positioning accuracy and low-speed stability. This is easier to achieve with rolling guides and sliding guides with plastic plates.
5.Principle of non-interference in precision: The various precisions of the linear guide rail should not affect each other during manufacturing and use to ensure a higher precision coefficient.
4.Precautions for use of linear guide rails
1.Ambient temperature control: The ambient temperature should not exceed 80°C, and the instantaneous temperature should not exceed 100°C.
2.Installation and removal of the slider: When removing or replacing the slider, a dummy rail should be used to assist in installation, and the guide rail should be avoided from being removed unless necessary.
3.Use in special environments: Special attention should be paid when using in special environments such as frequent vibration, high dust, high and low temperatures.
4.Lubrication and maintenance: Wipe the anti-rust oil first and then seal the lubricating oil for use to avoid mixing lubricating oils of different properties. When using lubricating oil for lubrication, adjust according to different installation methods. After filling the lubricant, push the slider back and forth for at least 3 slider lengths, repeat more than 2 times, and confirm that the oil film on the surface of the guide rail is uniform.
5.Storage and protection measures: When storing linear guides, make sure to apply anti-rust oil and seal them in the designated envelope, place them horizontally, and avoid high and low temperatures and humid environments.
6.Handling and protection: When carrying heavy linear guides, more than 2 people or use handling tools to avoid personal injury or damage to the workpiece.
7.Safety and protection precautions: The slider and guide rail may fall due to weight after tilting, so be careful. Avoid disassembling the slider by yourself to prevent foreign matter from entering or adversely affecting the assembly accuracy.
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